Program Arcade Games With Python And Pygame. Here is a brief description of what is available: 1.1 Text examples. Example programs that don't involve graphics: Program that calculates miles-per-gallon. It is a good template to use when starting a new program. Apr 26, 2016 In this video I walk you through writing a simple text-based adventure game. I also discuss the time.sleep function in Python, the use of functions, simple input validation, and boolean operators.
Templates provide simpler string substitutions as described in PEP 292.Instead of the normal '%'-based substitutions, Templates support'$'-based substitutions, using the following rules:
'$$' is an escape; it is replaced with a single '$'.
'$identifier' names a substitution placeholder matching a mapping key of 'identifier'. By default, 'identifier' must spell a Python identifier. The first non-identifier character after the '$' character terminates this placeholder specification.
'${identifier}' is equivalent to '$identifier'. It is required when valid identifier characters follow the placeholder but are not part of the placeholder, such as '${noun}ification'.
Any other appearance of '$' in the string will result in aValueError being raised.
New in version 2.4.
The string module provides a Template class that implementsthese rules. The methods of Template are:
classTemplate(
template)
The constructor takes a single argument which is the template string.
substitute(
mapping[, **kws])
Performs the template substitution, returning a new string. mapping isany dictionary-like object with keys that match the placeholders in thetemplate. Alternatively, you can provide keyword arguments, where thekeywords are the placeholders. When both mapping and kws aregiven and there are duplicates, the placeholders from kws takeprecedence.
safe_substitute(
mapping[, **kws])
Like substitute(), except that if placeholders are missing frommapping and kws, instead of raising a KeyErrorexception, the original placeholder will appear in the resulting stringintact. Also, unlike with substitute(), any other appearances of the'$' will simply return '$' instead of raisingValueError.
While other exceptions may still occur, this method is called ``safe' becausesubstitutions always tries to return a usable string instead of raising anexception. In another sense, safe_substitute() may be anything otherthan safe, since it will silently ignore malformed templates containingdangling delimiters, unmatched braces, or placeholders that are not validPython identifiers.
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Template instances also provide one public data attribute:
template
This is the object passed to the constructor's template argument. Ingeneral, you shouldn't change it, but read-only access is not enforced.
Here is an example of how to use a Template:
Advanced usage: you can derive subclasses of Template to customize theplaceholder syntax, delimiter character, or the entire regular expression usedto parse template strings. To do this, you can override these classattributes:
delimiter - This is the literal string describing a placeholder introducing delimiter. The default value '$'. Note that this should not be a regular expression, as the implementation will call re.escape() on this string as needed.
idpattern - This is the regular expression describing the pattern for non-braced placeholders (the braces will be added automatically as appropriate). The default value is the regular expression '[_a-z][_a-z0-9]*'.
Alternatively, you can provide the entire regular expression pattern byoverriding the class attribute pattern. If you do this, the value mustbe a regular expression object with four named capturing groups. Thecapturing groups correspond to the rules given above, along with the invalidplaceholder rule:
escaped - This group matches the escape sequence, e.g. '$$', in the default pattern.
named - This group matches the unbraced placeholder name; it should not include the delimiter in capturing group.
braced - This group matches the brace enclosed placeholder name; it should not include either the delimiter or braces in the capturing group.
invalid - This group matches any other delimiter pattern (usually a single delimiter), and it should appear last in the regular expression.
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